The Knee
Volume 16, Issue 2 , Pages 92-97 , March 2009

How to address the patella in revision total knee arthroplasty

Received 1 May 2008 ,Revised 10 August 2008 ,Accepted 16 August 2008.

References 

  1. Aglietti P, Buzzi R, De Felice R, Giron F. The Insall-Burstein total knee replacement in osteoarthritis: a 10-year minimum follow-up. J Arthroplast. 1999;14:560–565
  2. Boyd AD, Ewald FC, Thomas WH, Poss R, Sledge CB. Long-term complications after total knee arthroplasty with or without resurfacing of the patella. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1993;75A:674–681
  3. Brick GW, Scott RD. The patellofemoral component of total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;231:163–178
  4. Chan WH, Yeo SJ, Lee BP, Tay BK, Tan SK. Isolated metal-backed patellar component revision following total knee arthroplasty. Singap Med J. 1998;39:303–305
  5. Clayton ML, Thirupathi R. Patellar complications after total condylar arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;170:152–155
  6. Lonner JH, Lotke PA. Aseptic complications after total knee arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1999;7:311–324
  7. Lonner JH, Mont MA, Sharkey PF, Siliski JM, Rajadhyaksha AD, Lotke PA. Fate of the unrevised all-polyethylene patellar component in revision total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2003;85A:56–59
  8. Parvizi J, Seel MJ, Hanssen AD, Berry DJ, Morrey BF. Patellar component resection arthroplasty for the severely compromised patella. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;397:356–361
  9. Ranawat CS. The patellofemoral joint in total condylar knee arthroplasty. Pros and cons based on five- to ten-year follow-up observations. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;205:93–99
  10. Rosenberg AG, Jacobs JJ, Saleh KJ, Kassim RA, Christie MJ, Lewallen DG, et al. The patella in revision total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2003;85(Suppl 1):S63–S70
  11. Stuart MJ, Larson JE, Morrey BF. Reoperation after condylar revision total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;286:168–173
  12. Chin KR, Bae DS, Lonner JH, Scott RD. Revision surgery for patellar dislocation after primary total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 2004;19:956–961
  13. Barrack RL, Rorabeck CH, Engh GA. Patellar options in revision total knee arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2001;24:899–900
  14. Dennis DA. Removal of well-fixed cementless metal-backed patellar components. J Arthroplast. 1992;7:217–220
  15. Hanssen AD, Pagnano MW. Revision of failed patellar components. Instr Course Lect. 2004;53:201–206
  16. Laskin RS. Management of the patella during revision total knee replacement arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am. 1998;29:355–360
  17. Rorabeck CH, Mehin R, Barrack RL. Patellar options in revision total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;416:84–92
  18. Hozack WJ, Rothman RH, Booth RE, Balderston RA. The patellar clunk syndrome. A complication of posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;241:203–208
  19. Doerr TE, Eckhoff DG. Lateral patellar burnishing in total knee arthroplasty following medialization of the patellar button. J Arthroplast. 1995;10:540–542
  20. Andersen HN, Ernst C, Frandsen PA. Polyethylene failure of metal-backed patellar components. 111 AGC total knees followed for 7–22 months. Acta Orthop Scand. 1991;62:1–3
  21. Grace JN, Rand JA. Patellar instability after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;237:184–189
  22. Grelsamer RP. Patellar malalignment. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2000;82A:1639–1650
  23. Merkow RL, Soudry M, Insall JN. Patellar dislocation following total knee replacement. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1985;67A:1321–1327
  24. Kirk P, Rorabeck CH, Bourne RB, Burkart B, Nott L. Management of recurrent dislocation of the patella following total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 1992;7:229–233
  25. Rand JA. The patellofemoral joint in total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1994;76A:612–620
  26. Barrack RL, Rorabeck C, Partington P, Sawhney J, Engh G. The results of retaining a well-fixed patellar component in revision total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 2000;15:413–417
  27. Pagnano MW, Scuderi GR, Insall JN. Patellar component resection in revision and reimplantation total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;356:134–138
  28. Rand JA. Treatment of the patella at reimplantation for septic total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;416:105–109
  29. Kitsugi T, Gustilo RB, Bechtold JE. Results of nonmetal-backed, high-density polyethylene, biconvex patellar prostheses. A 5–7-year follow-up evaluation. J Arthroplast. 1994;9:151–162
  30. Crites BM, Berend ME. Metal-backed patellar components: a brief report on 10-year survival. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;388:103–104
  31. Kraay MJ, Darr OJ, Salata MJ, Goldberg VM. Outcome of metal-backed cementless patellar components: the effect of implant design. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;392:239–244
  32. Berry DJ, Rand JA. Isolated patellar component revision of total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;286:110–115
  33. Leopold SS, Silverton CD, Barden RM, Rosenberg AG. Isolated revision of the patellar component in total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2003;85A:41–47
  34. Insall JN, Ranawat CS, Aglietti P, Shine J. A comparison of four models of total knee replacement prostheses. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1976;58A:754–765
  35. Anouchi YS, Whiteside LA, Kaiser AD, Milliano MT. The effects of axial rotational alignment of the femoral component on knee stability and patellar tracking in total knee arthroplasty demonstrated on autopsy specimens. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;287:170–177
  36. Figgie HE, Goldberg VM, Figgie MP, Inglis AE, Kelly M, Sobel M. The effect of alignment of the implant on fractures of the patella after condylar total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1989;71A:1031–1039
  37. Rhoads DD, Noble PC, Reuben JD, Mahoney OM, Tullos HS. The effect of femoral component position on patellar tracking after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;260:43–51
  38. Berger RA, Crossett LS, Jacobs JJ, Rubash HE. Malrotation causing patellofemoral complications after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;356:144–153
  39. Berger RA, Rubash HE, Seel MJ, Thompson WH, Crossett LS. Determining the rotational alignment of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty using the epicondylar axis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;286:40–47
  40. Bindelglass DF, Cohen JL, Dorr LD. Patellar tilt and subluxation in total knee arthroplasty. Relationship to pain, fixation, and design. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;286:103–109
  41. Burke WV, Ammeen DJ, Engh GA. Isolated revision of failed metal-backed patellar components: outcome with minimum 4-year follow-up. J Arthroplast. 2005;20:998–1001
  42. Koh JS, Yeo SJ, Lo NN, Tan SK, Tay BK, Seow KH. Isolated patellar revisions for failed metal-backed components: 2- to 9-year follow-up. J Arthroplast. 2004;19:880–886
  43. Baech J, Kofoed H. Failure of metal-backed patellar arthroplasty. 47 AGC total knees followed for at least 1 year. Acta Orthop Scand. 1991;62:166–168
  44. Bayley JC, Scott RD, Ewald FC, Holmes GB. Failure of the metal-backed patellar component after total knee replacement. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1988;70A:668–674
  45. Firestone TP, Teeny SM, Krackow KA, Hungerford DS. The clinical and roentgenographic results of cementless porous-coated patellar fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;273:184–189
  46. Kobori M, Kamisato S, Yoshida M, Kobori K. Revision of failed metal-backed patellar component of Miller/Galante-I total knee prosthesis. J Orthop Sci. 2000;5:436–438
  47. Levi N, Kofoed H. Early failure of metal-backed patellar arthroplasty. J Bone Jt Surg Br. 1994;76A:675
  48. Lombardi AV, Engh GA, Volz RG, Albrigo JL, Brainard BJ. Fracture/dissociation of the polyethylene in metal-backed patellar components in total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1988;70A:675–679
  49. Peters JD, Engh GA, Corpe RS. The metal-backed patella. An invitation for failure?. J Arthroplast. 1991;6:221–228
  50. Barrack RL, Matzkin E, Ingraham R, Engh G, Rorabeck C. Revision knee arthroplasty with patella replacement versus bony shell. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;356:139–143
  51. Barrack RL, Bertot AJ, Wolfe MW, Waldman DA, Milicic M, Myers L. Patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study with five to seven years of follow-up. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2001;83A:1376–1381
  52. Campbell DG, Mintz AD, Stevenson TM. Early patellofemoral revision following total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 1995;10:287–291
  53. Karnezis IA, Vossinakis IC, Rex C, Fragkiadakis EG, Newman JH. Secondary patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty: results of multivariate analysis in two case-matched groups. J Arthroplast. 2003;18:993–998
  54. Mockford BJ, Beverland DE. Secondary resurfacing of the patella in mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 2005;20:898–902
  55. Muoneke HE, Khan AM, Giannikas KA, Hagglund E, Dunningham TH. Secondary resurfacing of the patella for persistent anterior knee pain after primary knee arthroplasty. J Bone Jt Surg Br. 2003;85B:675–678
  56. Insall JN, Dorr LD, Scott RD, Scott WN. Rationale of the Knee Society clinical rating system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;248:13–14
  57. Masri BA, Meek RM, Greidanus NV, Garbuz DS. Effect of retaining a patellar prosthesis on pain, functional, and satisfaction outcomes after revision total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 2006;21:1169–1174
  58. Rorabeck CH, Angliss RD, Lewis PL. Fractures of the femur, tibia, and patella after total knee arthroplasty: decision making and principles of management. Instr Course Lect. 1998;47:449–458
  59. Hanssen AD. Bone-grafting for severe patellar bone loss during revision knee arthroplasty. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2001;83A:171–176
  60. Ikezawa Y, Gustilo RB. Clinical outcome of revision of the patellar component in total knee arthroplasty. A 2- to 7-year follow-up study. J Orthop Sci. 1999;4:83–88
  61. Maheshwer CB, Mitchell E, Kraay M, Goldberg VM. Revision of the patella with deficient bone using a biconvex component. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;440:126–130
  62. Cave EF, Rowe CR. The patella; its importance in derangement of the knee. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1950;32A:542–553
  63. Buechel FF. Patellar tendon bone grafting for patellectomized patients having total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;271:72–78
  64. Lakshmanan P, Wilson C. Total knee arthroplasty in a patellectomised posterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee: a new technique of patellar tendon bone grafting. Knee. 2004;11:481–484
  65. Tirveilliot F, Migaud H, Tillie B, Vielpeau C, Flautre B, Gougeon F. Patellar reconstruction during total knee arthroplasty after previous patellectomy. Rev Chir Orthop Repar Appar Mot. 2003;89:613–620
  66. Tabutin J. Osseous reconstruction of the patella with screwed autologous graft in the course of repeat prosthesis of the knee. Rev Chir Orthop Repar Appar Mot. 1998;84:363–367
  67. Vince K, Roidis N, Blackburn D. Gull-wing sagittal patellar osteotomy in total knee arthroplasty. Tech Knee Surg. 2002;1:106–112
  68. Nasser S, Poggie RA. Revision and salvage patellar arthroplasty using a porous tantalum implant. J Arthroplast. 2004;19:562–572
  69. Nelson CL, Lonner JH, Lahiji A, Kim J, Lotke PA. Use of a trabecular metal patella for marked patella bone loss during revision total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 2003;18(7 Suppl 1):37–41
  70. Bayne O, Cameron HU. Total knee arthroplasty following patellectomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;186:112–114
  71. Cameron HU, Jung YB. Prosthetic replacement of the arthritic knee after patellectomy. Can J Surg. 1990;33:119–121
  72. Larson KR, Cracchiolo A, Dorey FJ, Finerman GA. Total knee arthroplasty in patients after patellectomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;264:243–254
  73. Lennox DW, Hungerford DS, Krackow KA. Total knee arthroplasty following patellectomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;223:220–224
  74. Paletta GA, Laskin RS. Total knee arthroplasty after a previous patellectomy. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1995;77A:1708–1712
  75. Cameron HU, Fedorkow DM. The patella in total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;165:197–199
  76. Martin SD, Haas SB, Insall JN. Primary total knee arthroplasty after patellectomy. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1995;77A:1323–1330
  77. Dennis DA. Extensor mechanism problems in total knee arthroplasty. Instr Course Lect. 1997;46:171–180
  78. Busfield BT, Ries MD. Whole patellar allograft for total knee arthroplasty after previous patellectomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;450:145–149
  79. Ries MD, Cabalo A, Bozic KJ, Anderson M. Porous tantalum patellar augmentation: the importance of residual bone stock. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;452:166–170
  80. Kwong Y, Desai VV. The use of a tantalum-based augmentation patella in patients with a previous patellectomy. Knee. 2008;15:91–94
  81. Sheth NP, Pedowitz DI, Lonner JH. Periprosthetic patellar fractures. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2007;89A:2285–2296
  82. Berry DJ. Epidemiology: hip and knee. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999;30:183–190
  83. Goldberg VM, Figgie HE, Inglis AE, Figgie MP, Sobel M, Kelly M, et al. Patellar fracture type and prognosis in condylar total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;236:115–122
  84. Grace JN, Sim FH. Fracture of the patella after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;230:168–175
  85. Ortiguera CJ, Berry DJ. Patellar fracture after total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2002;84A:532–540
  86. Tria AJ, Harwood DA, Alicea JA, Cody RP. Patellar fractures in posterior stabilized knee arthroplasties. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;299:131–138
  87. Windsor RE, Scuderi GR, Insall JN. Patellar fractures in total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 1989;(4 Suppl):S63–S67
  88. Scott RD, Turoff N, Ewald FC. Stress fracture of the patella following duopatellar total knee arthroplasty with patellar resurfacing. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;170:147–151
  89. Bourne RB. Fractures of the patella after total knee replacement. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999;30:287–291
  90. Healy WL, Wasilewski SA, Takei R, Oberlander M. Patellofemoral complications following total knee arthroplasty. Correlation with implant design and patient risk factors. J Arthroplast. 1995;10:197–201
  91. Ritter MA, Campbell ED. Postoperative patellar complications with or without lateral release during total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;219:163–168
  92. Ritter MA, Herbst SA, Keating EM, Faris PM, Meding JB. Patellofemoral complications following total knee arthroplasty. Effect of a lateral release and sacrifice of the superior lateral geniculate artery. J Arthroplast. 1996;11:368–372
  93. Scuderi G, Scharf SC, Meltzer LP, Scott WN. The relationship of lateral releases to patella viability in total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 1987;2:209–214
  94. Insall JN, Lachiewicz PF, Burstein AH. The posterior stabilized condylar prosthesis: a modification of the total condylar design. Two to four-year clinical experience. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1982;64A:1317–1323
  95. Engh GA, Ammeen DJ. Periprosthetic fractures adjacent to total knee implants: treatment and clinical results. Instr Course Lect. 1998;47:437–448

☆ Disclosures: Although no funding was received for this manuscript, the research foundation of one or more of the authors (ASR, CSR) has received funding from DePuy Orthopaedics, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, (Warsaw, IN) and Stryker Orthopaedics, Inc. (Mahwah, NJ). One or more of the authors (ASR, CSR) have received royalties from DePuy Orthopaedics, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, (Warsaw, IN) and Stryker Orthopaedics, Inc. (Mahwah, NJ). ASR is a consultant for DePuy Orthopaedics, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, (Warsaw, IN) and Stryker Orthopaedics, Inc. (Mahwah, NJ). CSR is designer/consultant for DePuy Orthopaedics, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, (Warsaw, IN) and Stryker Orthopaedics, Inc. (Mahwah, NJ).

PII: S0968-0160(08)00148-8

doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2008.08.003

The Knee
Volume 16, Issue 2 , Pages 92-97 , March 2009

Article Tools