Association of the calcitonin gene (CA) polymorphism with osteoarthritis of the knee in a Mexican mestizo population

Abstract 

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of destructive joint disease that is characterized by the degeneration of the articular cartilage, synovial membrane, joint capsule, and subchondral bone. The knee is a joint commonly affected for OA. Calcitonin (CT) has been suggested to have chondroprotective effects; therefore, could play a role in the pathogenesis of OA of the knee. Genetic variations in or adjacent to the CT gene may be associated with primary OA development. We conducted a case-control association study in which we examined the correlation between a dinucleotide (cytosine-adenine, CA) repeat polymorphism at the CT locus and OA of the knee in 88 patients with OA and in 111 control subjects from the Mexican mestizo population. Allele A and genotype AG frequencies were significantly higher in patients with OA than in control subjects (56.3 vs. 43.2%; p<0.001 and 40.9 vs. 26.1%; p=0.027, respectively), and were associated with the presence of OA of the knee (odds ratio [OR], 2.62; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.30–5.27, and OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.04–3.58, respectively) using a logistic regression model adjusted for gender, age and Body mass index (BMI). The GG genotype was associated with a lower risk of OA development of the knee; thus, it may constitute a protective factor against this disease (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.16–0.98).

In summary, we conclude that the dinucleotide CA polymorphism in the CT gene may become a useful marker for genetic studies of OA of the knee in Mexican population.

Keywords: Calcitonin gene, Dinucleotide polymorphism, Knee osteoarthritis, Mexican mestizo population